no-type-alias
不允許類型別名。
此規則已被棄用,改用 @typescript-eslint/consistent-type-definitions
規則。TypeScript 類型別名是一種常用的必要語言功能;完全禁止它通常會適得其反。
如果您想禁止某些類型的類型別名,請考慮使用 no-restricted-syntax
。請參閱 疑難排解與常見問題解答。
在 TypeScript 中,類型別名有三個用途
- 為其他類型建立別名,以便我們可以使用更簡單的名稱來引用它們。
// this...
type Person = {
firstName: string;
lastName: string;
age: number;
};
function addPerson(person: Person) {
// ...
}
// is easier to read than this...
function addPerson(person: {
firstName: string;
lastName: string;
age: number;
}) {
// ...
}
- 充當類似介面的角色,提供一組必須存在於實作該類型的物件中的方法和屬性。
type Person = {
firstName: string;
lastName: string;
age: number;
walk: () => void;
talk: () => void;
};
// you know person will have 3 properties and 2 methods,
// because the structure has already been defined.
var person: Person = {
// ...
};
// so we can be sure that this will work
person.walk();
- 充當類型之間的映射工具,允許快速修改。
type Immutable<T> = { readonly [P in keyof T]: T[P] };
type Person = {
name: string;
age: number;
};
type ImmutablePerson = Immutable<Person>;
var person: ImmutablePerson = { name: 'John', age: 30 };
person.name = 'Brad'; // error, readonly property
建立別名時,類型別名不會建立新的類型,它只是建立一個新的名稱來引用原始類型。因此,為原始類型和其他簡單類型、元組、聯合或交集建立別名有時可能是多餘的。
// this doesn't make much sense
type myString = string;
另一方面,使用類型別名作為介面可能會限制您
- 重複使用您的程式碼:介面可以由其他類型擴展或實作。類型別名則不行。
- 除錯您的程式碼:介面會建立一個新的名稱,因此在除錯應用程式時很容易識別物件的基本類型。
最後,映射類型是一種高級技術,將其開放可能會迅速成為應用程式中的痛點。
module.exports = {
"rules": {
"@typescript-eslint/no-type-alias": "error"
}
};
在 Playground 中試試這個規則 ↗
範例
此規則不允許使用類型別名,而是建議使用介面和簡化的類型(原始類型、元組、聯合、交集等)。
選項
此規則接受以下選項
type ExpandedOptions =
| 'always'
| 'in-intersections'
| 'in-unions'
| 'in-unions-and-intersections'
| 'never';
type SimpleOptions = 'always' | 'never';
type Options = [
{
/** Whether to allow direct one-to-one type aliases. */
allowAliases?: ExpandedOptions;
/** Whether to allow type aliases for callbacks. */
allowCallbacks?: SimpleOptions;
/** Whether to allow type aliases for conditional types. */
allowConditionalTypes?: SimpleOptions;
/** Whether to allow type aliases with constructors. */
allowConstructors?: SimpleOptions;
/** Whether to allow type aliases with generic types. */
allowGenerics?: SimpleOptions;
/** Whether to allow type aliases with object literal types. */
allowLiterals?: ExpandedOptions;
/** Whether to allow type aliases with mapped types. */
allowMappedTypes?: ExpandedOptions;
/** Whether to allow type aliases with tuple types. */
allowTupleTypes?: ExpandedOptions;
},
];
const defaultOptions: Options = [
{
allowAliases: 'never',
allowCallbacks: 'never',
allowConditionalTypes: 'never',
allowConstructors: 'never',
allowLiterals: 'never',
allowMappedTypes: 'never',
allowTupleTypes: 'never',
allowGenerics: 'never',
},
];
allowAliases
這適用於原始類型和參考類型。
此設定接受以下值
"always"
或"never"
來啟用或停用此功能。"in-unions"
,允許在聯合語句中建立別名,例如type Foo = string | string[];
"in-intersections"
,允許在交集語句中建立別名,例如type Foo = string & string[];
"in-unions-and-intersections"
,允許在聯合和/或交集語句中建立別名。
{ "allowAliases": "always" }
選項的正確程式碼範例
// primitives
type Foo = 'a';
type Foo = 'a' | 'b';
type Foo = string;
type Foo = string | string[];
type Foo = string & string[];
type Foo = `foo-${number}`;
// reference types
interface Bar {}
class Baz implements Bar {}
type Foo = Bar;
type Foo = Bar | Baz;
type Foo = Bar & Baz;
在 Playground 中開啟{ "allowAliases": "in-unions" }
選項的錯誤程式碼範例
// primitives
type Foo = 'a';
type Foo = string;
type Foo = string & string[];
type Foo = `foo-${number}`;
// reference types
interface Bar {}
class Baz implements Bar {}
type Foo = Bar;
type Foo = Bar & Baz;
在 Playground 中開啟{ "allowAliases": "in-unions" }
選項的正確程式碼範例
// primitives
type Foo = 'a' | 'b';
type Foo = string | string[];
type Foo = `a-${number}` | `b-${number}`;
// reference types
interface Bar {}
class Baz implements Bar {}
type Foo = Bar | Baz;
在 Playground 中開啟{ "allowAliases": "in-intersections" }
選項的錯誤程式碼範例
// primitives
type Foo = 'a';
type Foo = 'a' | 'b';
type Foo = string;
type Foo = string | string[];
type Foo = `a-${number}` | `b-${number}`;
// reference types
interface Bar {}
class Baz implements Bar {}
type Foo = Bar;
type Foo = Bar | Baz;
在 Playground 中開啟{ "allowAliases": "in-intersections" }
選項的正確程式碼範例
// primitives
type Foo = string & string[];
type Foo = `a-${number}` & `b-${number}`;
// reference types
interface Bar {}
class Baz implements Bar {}
type Foo = Bar & Baz;
在 Playground 中開啟{ "allowAliases": "in-unions-and-intersections" }
選項的錯誤程式碼範例
// primitives
type Foo = 'a';
type Foo = string;
type Foo = `foo-${number}`;
// reference types
interface Bar {}
class Baz implements Bar {}
type Foo = Bar;
在 Playground 中開啟{ "allowAliases": "in-unions-and-intersections" }
選項的正確程式碼範例
// primitives
type Foo = 'a' | 'b';
type Foo = string | string[];
type Foo = string & string[];
type Foo = `a-${number}` & `b-${number}`;
type Foo = `a-${number}` | `b-${number}`;
// reference types
interface Bar {}
class Baz implements Bar {}
type Foo = Bar | Baz;
type Foo = Bar & Baz;
在 Playground 中開啟allowCallbacks
這適用於函數類型。
此設定接受以下值
"always"
或"never"
來啟用或停用此功能。
{ "allowCallbacks": "always" }
選項的正確程式碼範例
type Foo = () => void;
type Foo = (name: string) => string;
class Person {}
type Foo = (name: string, age: number) => string | Person;
type Foo = (name: string, age: number) => string & Person;
在 Playground 中開啟allowConditionalTypes
這適用於條件類型。
{ "allowConditionalTypes": "always" }
選項的正確程式碼範例
type Foo<T> = T extends number ? number : null;
在 Playground 中開啟allowConstructors
這適用於建構函數類型。
此設定接受以下值
"always"
或"never"
來啟用或停用此功能。
{ "allowConstructors": "always" }
選項的正確程式碼範例
type Foo = new () => void;
在 Playground 中開啟allowLiterals
這適用於字面量類型 (type Foo = { ... }
)。
此設定接受以下選項
"always"
或"never"
來啟用或停用此功能。"in-unions"
,允許在聯合語句中使用字面量,例如type Foo = string | string[];
"in-intersections"
,允許在交集語句中使用字面量,例如type Foo = string & string[];
"in-unions-and-intersections"
,允許在聯合和/或交集語句中使用字面量。
{ "allowLiterals": "always" }
選項的正確程式碼範例
type Foo = {};
type Foo = {
name: string;
age: number;
};
type Foo = {
name: string;
age: number;
walk: (miles: number) => void;
};
type Foo = { name: string } | { age: number };
type Foo = { name: string } & { age: number };
在 Playground 中開啟{ "allowLiterals": "in-unions" }
選項的錯誤程式碼範例
type Foo = {};
type Foo = {
name: string;
age: number;
};
type Foo = {
name: string;
age: number;
walk: (miles: number) => void;
};
type Foo = { name: string } & { age: number };
在 Playground 中開啟{ "allowLiterals": "in-unions" }
選項的正確程式碼範例
type Foo = { name: string } | { age: number };
在 Playground 中開啟{ "allowLiterals": "in-intersections" }
選項的錯誤程式碼範例
type Foo = {};
type Foo = {
name: string;
age: number;
};
type Foo = {
name: string;
age: number;
walk: (miles: number) => void;
};
type Foo = { name: string } | { age: number };
在 Playground 中開啟{ "allowLiterals": "in-intersections" }
選項的正確程式碼範例
type Foo = { name: string } & { age: number };
在 Playground 中開啟{ "allowLiterals": "in-unions-and-intersections" }
選項的錯誤程式碼範例
type Foo = {};
type Foo = {
name: string;
age: number;
};
type Foo = {
name: string;
age: number;
walk: (miles: number) => void;
};
在 Playground 中開啟{ "allowLiterals": "in-unions-and-intersections" }
選項的正確程式碼範例
type Foo = { name: string } | { age: number };
type Foo = { name: string } & { age: number };
在 Playground 中開啟allowMappedTypes
這適用於字面量類型。
此設定接受以下值
"always"
或"never"
來啟用或停用此功能。"in-unions"
,允許在聯合語句中建立別名,例如type Foo = string | string[];
"in-intersections"
,允許在交集語句中建立別名,例如type Foo = string & string[];
"in-unions-and-intersections"
,允許在聯合和/或交集語句中建立別名。
{ "allowMappedTypes": "always" }
選項的正確程式碼範例
type Foo<T> = { readonly [P in keyof T]: T[P] };
type Foo<T> = { [P in keyof T]?: T[P] };
type Foo<T, U> =
| { readonly [P in keyof T]: T[P] }
| { readonly [P in keyof U]: U[P] };
type Foo<T, U> = { [P in keyof T]?: T[P] } | { [P in keyof U]?: U[P] };
type Foo<T, U> = { readonly [P in keyof T]: T[P] } & {
readonly [P in keyof U]: U[P];
};
type Foo<T, U> = { [P in keyof T]?: T[P] } & { [P in keyof U]?: U[P] };
在 Playground 中開啟{ "allowMappedTypes": "in-unions" }
選項的錯誤程式碼範例
type Foo<T> = { readonly [P in keyof T]: T[P] };
type Foo<T> = { [P in keyof T]?: T[P] };
type Foo<T, U> = { readonly [P in keyof T]: T[P] } & {
readonly [P in keyof U]: U[P];
};
type Foo<T, U> = { [P in keyof T]?: T[P] } & { [P in keyof U]?: U[P] };
在 Playground 中開啟{ "allowMappedTypes": "in-unions" }
選項的正確程式碼範例
type Foo<T, U> =
| { readonly [P in keyof T]: T[P] }
| { readonly [P in keyof U]: U[P] };
type Foo<T, U> = { [P in keyof T]?: T[P] } | { [P in keyof U]?: U[P] };
在 Playground 中開啟{ "allowMappedTypes": "in-intersections" }
選項的錯誤程式碼範例
type Foo<T> = { readonly [P in keyof T]: T[P] };
type Foo<T> = { [P in keyof T]?: T[P] };
type Foo<T, U> =
| { readonly [P in keyof T]: T[P] }
| { readonly [P in keyof U]: U[P] };
type Foo<T, U> = { [P in keyof T]?: T[P] } | { [P in keyof U]?: U[P] };
在 Playground 中開啟{ "allowMappedTypes": "in-intersections" }
選項的正確程式碼範例
type Foo<T, U> = { readonly [P in keyof T]: T[P] } & {
readonly [P in keyof U]: U[P];
};
type Foo<T, U> = { [P in keyof T]?: T[P] } & { [P in keyof U]?: U[P] };
在 Playground 中開啟{ "allowMappedTypes": "in-unions-and-intersections" }
選項的錯誤程式碼範例
type Foo<T> = { readonly [P in keyof T]: T[P] };
type Foo<T> = { [P in keyof T]?: T[P] };
在 Playground 中開啟{ "allowMappedTypes": "in-unions-and-intersections" }
選項的正確程式碼範例
type Foo<T, U> =
| { readonly [P in keyof T]: T[P] }
| { readonly [P in keyof U]: U[P] };
type Foo<T, U> = { [P in keyof T]?: T[P] } | { [P in keyof U]?: U[P] };
type Foo<T, U> = { readonly [P in keyof T]: T[P] } & {
readonly [P in keyof U]: U[P];
};
type Foo<T, U> = { [P in keyof T]?: T[P] } & { [P in keyof U]?: U[P] };
在 Playground 中開啟allowTupleTypes
這適用於元組類型 (type Foo = [number]
)。
此設定接受以下選項
"always"
或"never"
來啟用或停用此功能。"in-unions"
,允許在聯合語句中使用元組,例如type Foo = [string] | [string, string];
"in-intersections"
,允許在交集語句中使用元組,例如type Foo = [string] & [string, string];
"in-unions-and-intersections"
,允許在聯合和/或交集語句中使用元組。
{ "allowTupleTypes": "always" }
選項的正確程式碼範例
type Foo = [number];
type Foo = [number] | [number, number];
type Foo = [number] & [number, number];
type Foo = [number] | ([number, number] & [string, string]);
在 Playground 中開啟{ "allowTupleTypes": "in-unions" }
選項的錯誤程式碼範例
type Foo = [number];
type Foo = [number] & [number, number];
type Foo = [string] & [number];
在 Playground 中開啟{ "allowTupleTypes": "in-unions" }
選項的正確程式碼範例
type Foo = [number] | [number, number];
type Foo = [string] | [number];
在 Playground 中開啟{ "allowTupleTypes": "in-intersections" }
選項的錯誤程式碼範例
type Foo = [number];
type Foo = [number] | [number, number];
type Foo = [string] | [number];
在 Playground 中開啟{ "allowTupleTypes": "in-intersections" }
選項的正確程式碼範例
type Foo = [number] & [number, number];
type Foo = [string] & [number];
在 Playground 中開啟{ "allowTupleTypes": "in-unions-and-intersections" }
選項的錯誤程式碼範例
type Foo = [number];
type Foo = [string];
在 Playground 中開啟{ "allowTupleTypes": "in-unions-and-intersections" }
選項的正確程式碼範例
type Foo = [number] & [number, number];
type Foo = [string] | [number];
在 Playground 中開啟allowGenerics
這適用於泛型類型,包括 TypeScript 提供的全局工具類型 (type Foo = Record<string, number>
)。
此設定接受以下選項
"always"
或"never"
來啟用或停用此功能。
{ "allowGenerics": "always" }
選項的正確程式碼範例
type Foo = Bar<string>;
type Foo = Record<string, number>;
type Foo = Readonly<Bar>;
type Foo = Partial<Bar>;
type Foo = Omit<Bar, 'a' | 'b'>;
在 Playground 中開啟